KS2 · Ages 7–11
The Five Welfare Needs
What every animal needs by law — and how to spot good care from neglect.
In the UK, the Animal Welfare Act 2006 says anyone who looks after an animal must meet its five welfare needs. They come from the famous Five Freedoms. Let's look at each one properly.
🖐️ The five welfare needs
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1. A suitable dietThe right food and fresh water for that species — the correct amount, not too much or too little.
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2. A suitable environmentA clean, safe home of the right size and temperature, with somewhere to shelter and rest.
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3. To behave normallySpace and things to let them do what's natural — digging, climbing, foraging, running.
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4. The right companySome animals need friends of their own kind (like guinea pigs); others prefer to live alone.
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5. Protection from pain & illnessKept healthy, and seen by a vet if hurt or unwell.
🔄 Life cycles
Animals change as they grow. Knowing an animal's life cycle helps us give the right care at each stage — a baby needs different care from an adult.
⚖️ Good welfare vs neglect
Meeting the five needs is good welfare. Failing to meet them is neglect — and it's against the law.
💚 Good welfare
- Fresh food & clean water daily
- Clean, roomy home
- Company or space as needed
- Vet care when needed
🚫 Neglect
- Empty bowls, dirty water
- Cramped, filthy cage
- Kept alone or overcrowded
- Illness ignored
✓ Check your understanding