52marks
PawSteps · Pets on the Green

Functional Skills English — Level 1

Practice paper: Working with Animals. Reading (45 min · 25 marks) and Writing (60 min · 27 marks) — comparing a sales advert with an honest care guide, then writing your own. Total 52 marks.

How to use this paper. Read both texts, then answer all the reading questions, then do both writing tasks. The full mark scheme and teaching notes are at the bottom. Tap Print to work on paper.

Component 1 — Reading

45 minutes · 25 marks. Read both texts, then answer all the questions.

Text A

Hoglets available now — don't miss out!

Our beautiful African pygmy hoglets are finally here, and they are without doubt the cutest babies we have ever bred. Hand-reared from day one, they are tame, friendly and desperate for cuddles.

Hoglets make the perfect first pet. They are small, quiet, and they fit easily into any home. Unlike a dog, a hedgehog does not need walking. Unlike a cat, it will not scratch your furniture. Anyone can look after one.

Prices start at £250 and include a free care sheet. We only have four available and they always go quickly, so message us today before someone else does.

You will not regret it!

Text B

Before you buy a hedgehog: what a hoglet actually needs

African pygmy hedgehogs are exotic animals, and looking after one properly is more demanding than most people expect.

Heat. A hedgehog's enclosure must be kept between 24°C and 30°C, day and night, all year round. If the temperature falls below about 18°C, a hedgehog may attempt hibernation, which is dangerous and can be fatal. This means running a heater with a thermostat continuously, at a cost of roughly £5 to £15 a month.

Space. A hedgehog needs a minimum enclosure of 120cm by 60cm, and a large solid exercise wheel. In the wild, a hedgehog can travel several miles in a single night.

Veterinary care. Most vets are not trained to treat exotic animals, so you will need a specialist. A single consultation typically costs between £45 and £90, and surgery can run into hundreds of pounds.

Time. Hedgehogs are nocturnal. They wake in the evening and are most active during the night, which does not suit every household.

A hedgehog can live for four to six years. Before buying one, ask yourself honestly whether you can meet these needs for the whole of that time — not just for the first few weeks.

Reading questions

1. According to Text B, what temperature range must a hedgehog's enclosure be kept at? (1)
Answer
2. According to Text B, give two reasons why veterinary care for a hedgehog is expensive. (2)
Answer
3. Text A says a hoglet is "the perfect first pet". Is this a fact or an opinion? Explain your answer. (2)
Answer
4. What is the main purpose of Text A? Tick one box. (1)
  • To explain how to care for a hedgehog
  • To persuade the reader to buy a hedgehog
  • To describe what hedgehogs eat
  • To warn the reader about hedgehogs
5. What is the main purpose of Text B? (1)
Answer
6. Text A says "Anyone can look after one." Find two pieces of information in Text B that disagree with this statement. (4)
Answer
7. Give two ways the language of Text A is different from the language of Text B. (4)
Answer
8. Text A does not mention heating, enclosure size or vet costs. Why do you think this information has been left out? (3)
Answer
9. A friend has read Text A and wants to buy a hoglet this weekend. Using information from both texts, write three things you would tell them to think about first. (3)
Answer
10. Which text would be more useful to someone deciding whether a hedgehog is right for their family? Give two reasons for your answer. (4)
Answer

TOTAL FOR READING IS 25 MARKS

Component 2 — Writing

60 minutes · 27 marks. Answer both tasks.

Task 1 — An email (15 marks)

Your friend Sam has just got a hedgehog and has asked you for advice. Write an email to Sam. You should include:

  • congratulations on the new pet
  • two things the hedgehog needs to stay well
  • one thing that might surprise them
  • an offer to help

You must include a subject line. Write 8 to 10 sentences in at least two paragraphs. Use at least two compound sentences — sentences joined with words such as and, but, so, because.

From
you@mailbox.biz
To
sam@mailbox.biz
Subject
 
Write your email

Task 2 — An article (12 marks)

A local community magazine is running a feature called "Think before you buy." Write an article for the magazine about what people should consider before buying an exotic pet. You should include:

  • what people often expect
  • what the reality is
  • your advice to the reader

Write at least 12 sentences in at least three paragraphs. You should use: a heading; at least three compound or complex sentences; at least one paragraph break where the topic changes.

Write your article

TOTAL FOR WRITING IS 27 MARKS

Mark scheme

Component 1: Reading

Q1 — 1 mark. 24°C to 30°C (both figures needed).

Q2 — 2 marks. One mark each, maximum two: most vets are not trained to treat exotic animals, so a specialist is needed · a single consultation costs £45 to £90 · surgery can cost hundreds of pounds.

Q3 — 2 marks. Identifies it as an opinion (1). Explains: it is what the writer believes / it cannot be proved / others would disagree (1).

Q4 — 1 mark. To persuade the reader to buy a hedgehog.

Q5 — 1 mark. To inform / to advise / to explain what a hedgehog needs before someone buys one. Accept any answer meaning inform or advise. Do not accept "to persuade".

Q6 — 4 marks. Two points, two marks each — one for identifying the information, one for explaining the disagreement. Acceptable: heating must run continuously and be thermostat-controlled (needs equipment and knowledge, not just anyone) · a specialist vet is needed and is expensive (not everyone can afford or access one) · hedgehogs are nocturnal (does not suit every household) · they need a large enclosure (not every home has room).

Q7 — 4 marks. Two differences, two marks each — one for the observation, one for an example. Acceptable: Text A uses emotive/exaggerated language ("cutest", "desperate for cuddles") where Text B is neutral · Text A uses exclamation marks, Text B does not · Text A addresses the reader urgently ("message us today"), Text B prompts thought ("ask yourself honestly") · Text B uses figures and specific detail (temperatures, costs, sizes), Text A uses only one figure, the price · Text B uses subheadings, Text A runs as continuous persuasive prose.

Q8 — 3 marks. Identifies that Text A is trying to sell (1). Recognises the missing information is off-putting / would discourage a buyer (1). Develops the point — e.g. it makes the hedgehog seem easier and cheaper than it is (1).

Q9 — 3 marks. One mark per relevant point drawn from the texts, maximum three. Points must come from the texts, not general opinion. Examples: the ongoing heating cost · the need for a specialist vet · that they are nocturnal · that they live four to six years · the enclosure size needed.

Q10 — 4 marks. Selects Text B (1). First reason (1–2). Second reason (1–2). Reasons should refer to: Text B gives facts and figures · covers the ongoing commitment · is balanced rather than one-sided · Text A is trying to make a sale so it is not impartial. A learner who selects Text A can be awarded up to 2 marks for a well-reasoned answer, but not full marks — the evidence strongly supports Text B.

Component 2: Writing

Task 1 — Email (15 marks).

Content & purpose — 6: subject line present and relevant (1) · congratulations (1) · two things the hedgehog needs (2) · one surprising fact (1) · offer of help (1).
Structure & organisation — 4: at least two paragraphs, sensibly divided (2) · appropriate email opening and closing (1) · tone suits a friend — informal but clear (1).
Language & accuracy — 5: at least two compound sentences, correctly joined (2) · capital letters and full stops accurate (1) · spelling largely accurate (1) · meaning clear throughout (1).

Task 2 — Article (12 marks).

Content & purpose — 5: heading present and suitable (1) · covers what people expect (1) · covers the reality (2) · gives clear advice (1).
Structure & organisation — 4: at least three paragraphs (2) · paragraphs break where the topic changes (1) · ideas follow a logical order (1).
Language & accuracy — 3: three or more compound/complex sentences (1) · register suits a magazine article (1) · spelling, punctuation and grammar largely accurate (1).

Notes for teaching

Why two contrasting texts. Comparing a sales advert with an honest care guide is the core Level 1 reading skill — purpose, audience, fact versus opinion, and what has been left out. It is also a real skill for anyone about to buy an animal from a classified advert.

Question 8 is the best question on the paper. Asking why information is missing is harder than asking what is present, and it is where a learner shows they understand purpose rather than just retrieving detail.

Text A is deliberately not a strawman. Every claim in it is technically true — hoglets don't need walking, they are small and quiet. It misleads by omission, which is how real adverts work. Learners should notice that "Anyone can look after one" is the only outright false statement.

Writing Task 2 links back to the reading. A learner who has understood Texts A and B has the content for the article already. That is intentional — it rewards reading carefully.

Both writing tasks name the sentence types explicitly. Level 1 requires compound and complex sentences, and stating that in the task tells the learner what is being assessed rather than making them guess.

Adapting the level. Entry 3: use Text B only; cut Q3, 7, 8 and 10; reduce the email to 4–6 sentences with a bullet list of what to include; drop the article. Level 2: add a third text with a conflicting viewpoint and ask learners to summarise all three in 50 words; replace the article with a formal letter to a pet shop raising concerns about an advert, requiring a formal register throughout.

Part of the Post-16 & A-Level resources · Functional Skills Maths L1 →

Read both texts before you answer.